El control de versiones con Git

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<img src="data:image/png;base64,#img/Git-logo.png" width="140px"/>
# El control de versiones con Git 
## **Taller 'The Carpentries'**
### Denisse Fierro Arcos, <br> Linda Cabrera Orellana
### 26 septiembre, 2022

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# Nuestro Código de Conducta

<br>

### Queremos crear un lugar inclusivo y acogedor para que todos puedan aprender. Por lo que te pedimos:

<br>

### 1. Tratar a todos con respeto.
### 2. No interrumpas a los demás.
### 3. Póngase en contacto si se siente incómodo.

---

# Antes de iniciar

### 1. Consulta el sitio web de nuestro taller en [https://lidefi87.github.io/2022-09-26-UTMach_enlinea/#setup](https://lidefi87.github.io/2022-09-26-UTMach_enlinea/#setup).

### 2. Completa la encuesta [pre-taller](https://carpentries.typeform.com/to/wi32rS?slug=2022-09-26-UTMach_enlinea&typeform-source=lidefi87.github.io)

### 3. Nuestro horario (UTC-5)
 - 15:00 - 16:40 - Lecciones 1 a 7
 - 16:40 - 16:50 - Descanso
 - 16:50 - 17:50 - Lecciones 8 a 14
 - 17:50 - 18:00 - Cierre

### 4. Puedes encontrar las lecciones aquí: [https://swcarpentry.github.io/git-novice/](https://swcarpentry.github.io/git-novice/)

### 5. Les pedimos que confirmen sus nombres en esta plataforma para los certificados de asistencia.

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El control de versiones es un sistema que almacena y organiza los cambios realizados a uno o varios archivos para permitir acceder a distintas versiones de los mismos posteriormente, a controlarlos y a fusionar nuestros archivos.

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Es necesario configurar algunas cosas cuando trabajamos en una computadora por primera vez:
* Nombre y correo electrónico,
* Editor de texto preferido,
* Ajustes globalmente (es decir, para cada proyecto).

## Sintaxis de los comandos

Los comandos de Git se escriben como `git verbo`, donde `verbo` es lo que queremos hacer.

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### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M100.59 334.24c48.57 3.31 58.95 2.11 58.95 11.94 0 20-65.55 20.06-65.55 1.52.01-5.09 3.29-9.4 6.6-13.46zm27.95-116.64c-32.29 0-33.75 44.47-.75 44.47 32.51 0 31.71-44.47.75-44.47zM448 80v352a48 48 0 0 1-48 48H48a48 48 0 0 1-48-48V80a48 48 0 0 1 48-48h352a48 48 0 0 1 48 48zm-227 69.31c0 14.49 8.38 22.88 22.86 22.88 14.74 0 23.13-8.39 23.13-22.88S258.62 127 243.88 127c-14.48 0-22.88 7.84-22.88 22.31zM199.18 195h-49.55c-25-6.55-81.56-4.85-81.56 46.75 0 18.8 9.4 32 21.85 38.11C74.23 294.23 66.8 301 66.8 310.6c0 6.87 2.79 13.22 11.18 16.76-8.9 8.4-14 14.48-14 25.92C64 373.35 81.53 385 127.52 385c44.22 0 69.87-16.51 69.87-45.73 0-36.67-28.23-35.32-94.77-39.38l8.38-13.43c17 4.74 74.19 6.23 74.19-42.43 0-11.69-4.83-19.82-9.4-25.67l23.38-1.78zm84.34 109.84l-13-1.78c-3.82-.51-4.07-1-4.07-5.09V192.52h-52.6l-2.79 20.57c15.75 5.55 17 4.86 17 10.17V298c0 5.62-.31 4.58-17 6.87v20.06h72.42zM384 315l-6.87-22.37c-40.93 15.37-37.85-12.41-37.85-16.73v-60.72h37.85v-25.41h-35.82c-2.87 0-2 2.52-2-38.63h-24.18c-2.79 27.7-11.68 38.88-34 41.42v22.62c20.47 0 19.82-.85 19.82 2.54v66.57c0 28.72 11.43 40.91 41.67 40.91 14.45 0 30.45-4.83 41.38-10.2z"/></svg> git config
Este comando se utiliza para ver y modificar la configuración de git.
]

```r
$ git config --global user.name "nombre usuario"
$ git config --global user.email "usuario@flisol.loja"

$ git config --list
$ git config -h
$ git config -help

$ git help
```
]

---

| Editor             | Comando de configuración                            |
|:-------------------|:-------------------------------------------------|
| Atom | `$ git config --global core.editor "atom --wait"`|
| nano               | `$ git config --global core.editor "nano -w"`    |
| TextWrangler (Mac)      | `$ git config --global core.editor "edit -w"`    |
| Sublime Text (Mac) | `$ git config --global core.editor "subl -n -w"` |
| Sublime Text (Win, 64-bit) | `$ git config --global core.editor "'c:/program files/sublime text 3/sublime_text.exe' -w"` |
| Notepad++ (Win, 64-bit)    | `$ git config --global core.editor "'c:/program files/Notepad++/notepad++.exe' -multiInst -notabbar -nosession -noPlugin"`|
| Scratch (Linux)       | `$ git config --global core.editor "scratch-text-editor"`  |
| emacs              | `$ git config --global core.editor "emacs"`   |
| vim                | `$ git config --global core.editor "vim"`   |
| Visual Studio Code | `$ git config --global core.editor "code --wait"` |

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### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M100.59 334.24c48.57 3.31 58.95 2.11 58.95 11.94 0 20-65.55 20.06-65.55 1.52.01-5.09 3.29-9.4 6.6-13.46zm27.95-116.64c-32.29 0-33.75 44.47-.75 44.47 32.51 0 31.71-44.47.75-44.47zM448 80v352a48 48 0 0 1-48 48H48a48 48 0 0 1-48-48V80a48 48 0 0 1 48-48h352a48 48 0 0 1 48 48zm-227 69.31c0 14.49 8.38 22.88 22.86 22.88 14.74 0 23.13-8.39 23.13-22.88S258.62 127 243.88 127c-14.48 0-22.88 7.84-22.88 22.31zM199.18 195h-49.55c-25-6.55-81.56-4.85-81.56 46.75 0 18.8 9.4 32 21.85 38.11C74.23 294.23 66.8 301 66.8 310.6c0 6.87 2.79 13.22 11.18 16.76-8.9 8.4-14 14.48-14 25.92C64 373.35 81.53 385 127.52 385c44.22 0 69.87-16.51 69.87-45.73 0-36.67-28.23-35.32-94.77-39.38l8.38-13.43c17 4.74 74.19 6.23 74.19-42.43 0-11.69-4.83-19.82-9.4-25.67l23.38-1.78zm84.34 109.84l-13-1.78c-3.82-.51-4.07-1-4.07-5.09V192.52h-52.6l-2.79 20.57c15.75 5.55 17 4.86 17 10.17V298c0 5.62-.31 4.58-17 6.87v20.06h72.42zM384 315l-6.87-22.37c-40.93 15.37-37.85-12.41-37.85-16.73v-60.72h37.85v-25.41h-35.82c-2.87 0-2 2.52-2-38.63h-24.18c-2.79 27.7-11.68 38.88-34 41.42v22.62c20.47 0 19.82-.85 19.82 2.54v66.57c0 28.72 11.43 40.91 41.67 40.91 14.45 0 30.45-4.83 41.38-10.2z"/></svg> git init
Crea un repositorio local en el directorio de trabajo. Básicamente una carpeta oculta llamada `.git` que contiene toda la información que necesita para funcionar.
]

<br>

```r
$ cd
$ cd C:/linda/RLadies
$ mkdir flisolLOJA
$ cd flisolLOJA
$ git init
```
]

----

### ¡Mucho Cuidado!

Para eliminar un directorio puedes utilizar el siguiente código:

```r
$ rm -rf flisolLoja/.git

$ pwd
```

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### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M100.59 334.24c48.57 3.31 58.95 2.11 58.95 11.94 0 20-65.55 20.06-65.55 1.52.01-5.09 3.29-9.4 6.6-13.46zm27.95-116.64c-32.29 0-33.75 44.47-.75 44.47 32.51 0 31.71-44.47.75-44.47zM448 80v352a48 48 0 0 1-48 48H48a48 48 0 0 1-48-48V80a48 48 0 0 1 48-48h352a48 48 0 0 1 48 48zm-227 69.31c0 14.49 8.38 22.88 22.86 22.88 14.74 0 23.13-8.39 23.13-22.88S258.62 127 243.88 127c-14.48 0-22.88 7.84-22.88 22.31zM199.18 195h-49.55c-25-6.55-81.56-4.85-81.56 46.75 0 18.8 9.4 32 21.85 38.11C74.23 294.23 66.8 301 66.8 310.6c0 6.87 2.79 13.22 11.18 16.76-8.9 8.4-14 14.48-14 25.92C64 373.35 81.53 385 127.52 385c44.22 0 69.87-16.51 69.87-45.73 0-36.67-28.23-35.32-94.77-39.38l8.38-13.43c17 4.74 74.19 6.23 74.19-42.43 0-11.69-4.83-19.82-9.4-25.67l23.38-1.78zm84.34 109.84l-13-1.78c-3.82-.51-4.07-1-4.07-5.09V192.52h-52.6l-2.79 20.57c15.75 5.55 17 4.86 17 10.17V298c0 5.62-.31 4.58-17 6.87v20.06h72.42zM384 315l-6.87-22.37c-40.93 15.37-37.85-12.41-37.85-16.73v-60.72h37.85v-25.41h-35.82c-2.87 0-2 2.52-2-38.63h-24.18c-2.79 27.7-11.68 38.88-34 41.42v22.62c20.47 0 19.82-.85 19.82 2.54v66.57c0 28.72 11.43 40.91 41.67 40.91 14.45 0 30.45-4.83 41.38-10.2z"/></svg> git status
Podemos ver en qué estado se encuentran los archivos de nuestro repositorio.
Compara los archivos actuales con las versiones del último `commit` e indica:
* Que archivos fueron modificados, creados o eliminados.
* Cuales de esos cambios están agregados para el próximo `commit`.
* Comandos recomendados a utilizar para modificar el estado presentado.

```r
$ git status
```

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## <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 384 512" style="height:1em;width:0.75em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M224 136V0H24C10.7 0 0 10.7 0 24v464c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h336c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24V160H248c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm160-14.1v6.1H256V0h6.1c6.4 0 12.5 2.5 17 7l97.9 98c4.5 4.5 7 10.6 7 16.9z"/></svg> Crear un archivo _.txt_ en Nano

```r
$ nano marte.txt
```

### 2. Ingresar el texto en el documento

```r
Frío y húmedo, pero tiene mi color favorito
```

]

| Comando  | Descripción                             |
|:---------|:----------------------------------------|
| Ctrl + O | Guardar                                 |
| Ctrl + X | Salir del editor yvolver a la terminal  |
| Ctrl + G | Ayuda                                   |

### 4. Visualizar texto

```r
$ ls
$ cat marte.txt

$ git status
```
]

---

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Este comando permite elegir qué archivos (modificados) queremos agregar a la próxima versión que guardemos en el repositorio.]

```r
$ git status

$ git add marte.txt

$ git status
```
]

----

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### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M100.59 334.24c48.57 3.31 58.95 2.11 58.95 11.94 0 20-65.55 20.06-65.55 1.52.01-5.09 3.29-9.4 6.6-13.46zm27.95-116.64c-32.29 0-33.75 44.47-.75 44.47 32.51 0 31.71-44.47.75-44.47zM448 80v352a48 48 0 0 1-48 48H48a48 48 0 0 1-48-48V80a48 48 0 0 1 48-48h352a48 48 0 0 1 48 48zm-227 69.31c0 14.49 8.38 22.88 22.86 22.88 14.74 0 23.13-8.39 23.13-22.88S258.62 127 243.88 127c-14.48 0-22.88 7.84-22.88 22.31zM199.18 195h-49.55c-25-6.55-81.56-4.85-81.56 46.75 0 18.8 9.4 32 21.85 38.11C74.23 294.23 66.8 301 66.8 310.6c0 6.87 2.79 13.22 11.18 16.76-8.9 8.4-14 14.48-14 25.92C64 373.35 81.53 385 127.52 385c44.22 0 69.87-16.51 69.87-45.73 0-36.67-28.23-35.32-94.77-39.38l8.38-13.43c17 4.74 74.19 6.23 74.19-42.43 0-11.69-4.83-19.82-9.4-25.67l23.38-1.78zm84.34 109.84l-13-1.78c-3.82-.51-4.07-1-4.07-5.09V192.52h-52.6l-2.79 20.57c15.75 5.55 17 4.86 17 10.17V298c0 5.62-.31 4.58-17 6.87v20.06h72.42zM384 315l-6.87-22.37c-40.93 15.37-37.85-12.41-37.85-16.73v-60.72h37.85v-25.41h-35.82c-2.87 0-2 2.52-2-38.63h-24.18c-2.79 27.7-11.68 38.88-34 41.42v22.62c20.47 0 19.82-.85 19.82 2.54v66.57c0 28.72 11.43 40.91 41.67 40.91 14.45 0 30.45-4.83 41.38-10.2z"/></svg> git commit -m "mensaje"
El comando commit crea una instantánea del proyecto con los archivos y cambios agregados a la _”staging area”_, acompañados con un mensaje.
]

```r
$ git commit -m "Inician las notas de Marte"

$ git status
```
]

---

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### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M100.59 334.24c48.57 3.31 58.95 2.11 58.95 11.94 0 20-65.55 20.06-65.55 1.52.01-5.09 3.29-9.4 6.6-13.46zm27.95-116.64c-32.29 0-33.75 44.47-.75 44.47 32.51 0 31.71-44.47.75-44.47zM448 80v352a48 48 0 0 1-48 48H48a48 48 0 0 1-48-48V80a48 48 0 0 1 48-48h352a48 48 0 0 1 48 48zm-227 69.31c0 14.49 8.38 22.88 22.86 22.88 14.74 0 23.13-8.39 23.13-22.88S258.62 127 243.88 127c-14.48 0-22.88 7.84-22.88 22.31zM199.18 195h-49.55c-25-6.55-81.56-4.85-81.56 46.75 0 18.8 9.4 32 21.85 38.11C74.23 294.23 66.8 301 66.8 310.6c0 6.87 2.79 13.22 11.18 16.76-8.9 8.4-14 14.48-14 25.92C64 373.35 81.53 385 127.52 385c44.22 0 69.87-16.51 69.87-45.73 0-36.67-28.23-35.32-94.77-39.38l8.38-13.43c17 4.74 74.19 6.23 74.19-42.43 0-11.69-4.83-19.82-9.4-25.67l23.38-1.78zm84.34 109.84l-13-1.78c-3.82-.51-4.07-1-4.07-5.09V192.52h-52.6l-2.79 20.57c15.75 5.55 17 4.86 17 10.17V298c0 5.62-.31 4.58-17 6.87v20.06h72.42zM384 315l-6.87-22.37c-40.93 15.37-37.85-12.41-37.85-16.73v-60.72h37.85v-25.41h-35.82c-2.87 0-2 2.52-2-38.63h-24.18c-2.79 27.7-11.68 38.88-34 41.42v22.62c20.47 0 19.82-.85 19.82 2.54v66.57c0 28.72 11.43 40.91 41.67 40.91 14.45 0 30.45-4.83 41.38-10.2z"/></svg> git log
Muestra la historia de commits en el repositorio.
A partir de diversas opciones permite configurar completamente la información que proporciona, pudiendo mostrar:
* Los cambios realizados a los archivos por `commit`.
* Filtrar `commits` por autor, fecha, etc.
* Graficar la linea temporal de commits.
* Mostrar información reducida o ampliada.
* Combinar las opciones anteriores y más.

```r
$ git log
```
]

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### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M100.59 334.24c48.57 3.31 58.95 2.11 58.95 11.94 0 20-65.55 20.06-65.55 1.52.01-5.09 3.29-9.4 6.6-13.46zm27.95-116.64c-32.29 0-33.75 44.47-.75 44.47 32.51 0 31.71-44.47.75-44.47zM448 80v352a48 48 0 0 1-48 48H48a48 48 0 0 1-48-48V80a48 48 0 0 1 48-48h352a48 48 0 0 1 48 48zm-227 69.31c0 14.49 8.38 22.88 22.86 22.88 14.74 0 23.13-8.39 23.13-22.88S258.62 127 243.88 127c-14.48 0-22.88 7.84-22.88 22.31zM199.18 195h-49.55c-25-6.55-81.56-4.85-81.56 46.75 0 18.8 9.4 32 21.85 38.11C74.23 294.23 66.8 301 66.8 310.6c0 6.87 2.79 13.22 11.18 16.76-8.9 8.4-14 14.48-14 25.92C64 373.35 81.53 385 127.52 385c44.22 0 69.87-16.51 69.87-45.73 0-36.67-28.23-35.32-94.77-39.38l8.38-13.43c17 4.74 74.19 6.23 74.19-42.43 0-11.69-4.83-19.82-9.4-25.67l23.38-1.78zm84.34 109.84l-13-1.78c-3.82-.51-4.07-1-4.07-5.09V192.52h-52.6l-2.79 20.57c15.75 5.55 17 4.86 17 10.17V298c0 5.62-.31 4.58-17 6.87v20.06h72.42zM384 315l-6.87-22.37c-40.93 15.37-37.85-12.41-37.85-16.73v-60.72h37.85v-25.41h-35.82c-2.87 0-2 2.52-2-38.63h-24.18c-2.79 27.7-11.68 38.88-34 41.42v22.62c20.47 0 19.82-.85 19.82 2.54v66.57c0 28.72 11.43 40.91 41.67 40.91 14.45 0 30.45-4.83 41.38-10.2z"/></svg> git diff
Al igual que `git commit`, presenta los archivos que cambiaron en el directorio respecto al último `commit`, pero además muestra cuáles fueron esos cambios imprimiendo las dos versiones de los archivos linea por linea.

```r
$ git diff
```
]

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---

---

### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M100.59 334.24c48.57 3.31 58.95 2.11 58.95 11.94 0 20-65.55 20.06-65.55 1.52.01-5.09 3.29-9.4 6.6-13.46zm27.95-116.64c-32.29 0-33.75 44.47-.75 44.47 32.51 0 31.71-44.47.75-44.47zM448 80v352a48 48 0 0 1-48 48H48a48 48 0 0 1-48-48V80a48 48 0 0 1 48-48h352a48 48 0 0 1 48 48zm-227 69.31c0 14.49 8.38 22.88 22.86 22.88 14.74 0 23.13-8.39 23.13-22.88S258.62 127 243.88 127c-14.48 0-22.88 7.84-22.88 22.31zM199.18 195h-49.55c-25-6.55-81.56-4.85-81.56 46.75 0 18.8 9.4 32 21.85 38.11C74.23 294.23 66.8 301 66.8 310.6c0 6.87 2.79 13.22 11.18 16.76-8.9 8.4-14 14.48-14 25.92C64 373.35 81.53 385 127.52 385c44.22 0 69.87-16.51 69.87-45.73 0-36.67-28.23-35.32-94.77-39.38l8.38-13.43c17 4.74 74.19 6.23 74.19-42.43 0-11.69-4.83-19.82-9.4-25.67l23.38-1.78zm84.34 109.84l-13-1.78c-3.82-.51-4.07-1-4.07-5.09V192.52h-52.6l-2.79 20.57c15.75 5.55 17 4.86 17 10.17V298c0 5.62-.31 4.58-17 6.87v20.06h72.42zM384 315l-6.87-22.37c-40.93 15.37-37.85-12.41-37.85-16.73v-60.72h37.85v-25.41h-35.82c-2.87 0-2 2.52-2-38.63h-24.18c-2.79 27.7-11.68 38.88-34 41.42v22.62c20.47 0 19.82-.85 19.82 2.54v66.57c0 28.72 11.43 40.91 41.67 40.91 14.45 0 30.45-4.83 41.38-10.2z"/></svg> git checkout
El comando permite cambiar el directorio de trabajo al estado de cualquier <commit> anterior.
Esta acción es segura, ya que es de solo-lectura, se pueden modificar archivos y experimentar, e incluso hacer nuevos commits, pero estos no sobreescribirán ni afectarán a la rama de trabajo.

```r
$ git checkout HEAD mars.txt
$ cat mars.txt

$ git checkout f22b25e mars.txt
$ cat mars.txt

$ git checkout -f master mars.txt
```

---

background-color: var(--morado-claro)
class: middle, center, inverse

---

---

### <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M100.59 334.24c48.57 3.31 58.95 2.11 58.95 11.94 0 20-65.55 20.06-65.55 1.52.01-5.09 3.29-9.4 6.6-13.46zm27.95-116.64c-32.29 0-33.75 44.47-.75 44.47 32.51 0 31.71-44.47.75-44.47zM448 80v352a48 48 0 0 1-48 48H48a48 48 0 0 1-48-48V80a48 48 0 0 1 48-48h352a48 48 0 0 1 48 48zm-227 69.31c0 14.49 8.38 22.88 22.86 22.88 14.74 0 23.13-8.39 23.13-22.88S258.62 127 243.88 127c-14.48 0-22.88 7.84-22.88 22.31zM199.18 195h-49.55c-25-6.55-81.56-4.85-81.56 46.75 0 18.8 9.4 32 21.85 38.11C74.23 294.23 66.8 301 66.8 310.6c0 6.87 2.79 13.22 11.18 16.76-8.9 8.4-14 14.48-14 25.92C64 373.35 81.53 385 127.52 385c44.22 0 69.87-16.51 69.87-45.73 0-36.67-28.23-35.32-94.77-39.38l8.38-13.43c17 4.74 74.19 6.23 74.19-42.43 0-11.69-4.83-19.82-9.4-25.67l23.38-1.78zm84.34 109.84l-13-1.78c-3.82-.51-4.07-1-4.07-5.09V192.52h-52.6l-2.79 20.57c15.75 5.55 17 4.86 17 10.17V298c0 5.62-.31 4.58-17 6.87v20.06h72.42zM384 315l-6.87-22.37c-40.93 15.37-37.85-12.41-37.85-16.73v-60.72h37.85v-25.41h-35.82c-2.87 0-2 2.52-2-38.63h-24.18c-2.79 27.7-11.68 38.88-34 41.42v22.62c20.47 0 19.82-.85 19.82 2.54v66.57c0 28.72 11.43 40.91 41.67 40.91 14.45 0 30.45-4.83 41.38-10.2z"/></svg> .gitignore
Archivo que contiene listado de archivos que indica a Git que los ignore.

```r
$ nano .gitignore
$ cat .gitignore

$ git add .gitignore
$ git commit -m "Add the ignore file"
$ git status
```

---

background-color: var(--morado-claro)
class: middle, center, inverse

---

---

## <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="height:1em;width:0.88em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M400 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zM277.3 415.7c-8.4 1.5-11.5-3.7-11.5-8 0-5.4.2-33 .2-55.3 0-15.6-5.2-25.5-11.3-30.7 37-4.1 76-9.2 76-73.1 0-18.2-6.5-27.3-17.1-39 1.7-4.3 7.4-22-1.7-45-13.9-4.3-45.7 17.9-45.7 17.9-13.2-3.7-27.5-5.6-41.6-5.6-14.1 0-28.4 1.9-41.6 5.6 0 0-31.8-22.2-45.7-17.9-9.1 22.9-3.5 40.6-1.7 45-10.6 11.7-15.6 20.8-15.6 39 0 63.6 37.3 69 74.3 73.1-4.8 4.3-9.1 11.7-10.6 22.3-9.5 4.3-33.8 11.7-48.3-13.9-9.1-15.8-25.5-17.1-25.5-17.1-16.2-.2-1.1 10.2-1.1 10.2 10.8 5 18.4 24.2 18.4 24.2 9.7 29.7 56.1 19.7 56.1 19.7 0 13.9.2 36.5.2 40.6 0 4.3-3 9.5-11.5 8-66-22.1-112.2-84.9-112.2-158.3 0-91.8 70.2-161.5 162-161.5S388 165.6 388 257.4c.1 73.4-44.7 136.3-110.7 158.3zm-98.1-61.1c-1.9.4-3.7-.4-3.9-1.7-.2-1.5 1.1-2.8 3-3.2 1.9-.2 3.7.6 3.9 1.9.3 1.3-1 2.6-3 3zm-9.5-.9c0 1.3-1.5 2.4-3.5 2.4-2.2.2-3.7-.9-3.7-2.4 0-1.3 1.5-2.4 3.5-2.4 1.9-.2 3.7.9 3.7 2.4zm-13.7-1.1c-.4 1.3-2.4 1.9-4.1 1.3-1.9-.4-3.2-1.9-2.8-3.2.4-1.3 2.4-1.9 4.1-1.5 2 .6 3.3 2.1 2.8 3.4zm-12.3-5.4c-.9 1.1-2.8.9-4.3-.6-1.5-1.3-1.9-3.2-.9-4.1.9-1.1 2.8-.9 4.3.6 1.3 1.3 1.8 3.3.9 4.1zm-9.1-9.1c-.9.6-2.6 0-3.7-1.5s-1.1-3.2 0-3.9c1.1-.9 2.8-.2 3.7 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.1 3.3 0 4.1zm-6.5-9.7c-.9.9-2.4.4-3.5-.6-1.1-1.3-1.3-2.8-.4-3.5.9-.9 2.4-.4 3.5.6 1.1 1.3 1.3 2.8.4 3.5zm-6.7-7.4c-.4.9-1.7 1.1-2.8.4-1.3-.6-1.9-1.7-1.5-2.6.4-.6 1.5-.9 2.8-.4 1.3.7 1.9 1.8 1.5 2.6z"/></svg> Conectando GitHub y Git

Hay dos maneras para conectar con GitHub

### 1. Crear un token de acceso personal (PAT)
Instrucciones: [https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/creating-a-personal-access-token](https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/keeping-your-account-and-data-secure/creating-a-personal-access-token)

### 2. Configurar las claves SSH
Instrucciones: [https://swcarpentry.github.io/git-novice/07-github/index.html](https://swcarpentry.github.io/git-novice/07-github/index.html)

GitHub ya no permite que los usuarios usen solo contraseñas.

---

Después de crear una clave PAT o SSH, puede conectar su repositorio local a la nube

### Conecta repositorios remotos a tu computadora

```r
$ git remote add BRANCH_NAME LINK_GITHUB
```

### Enviar (push) cambios a GitHub

```r
$ git push REMOTE_BRANCH LOCAL_BRANCH
```

### Recibir (pull) cambios de GitHub

```r
$ git pull REMOTE_BRANCH LOCAL_BRANCH
```

---

### Copie (clone) un repositorio de Github a su computadora

```r
$ git clon LINK_GITHUB
```

### Enviar (push) cambios a GitHub

```r
$ git push REMOTE_BRANCH LOCAL_BRANCH
```

### Recibir (pull) cambios de GitHub

```r
$ git pull REMOTE_BRANCH LOCAL_BRANCH
```

---

Algunas alternativas disponibles incluyen:

#### 1. GitLab: [https://gitlab.com/](https://gitlab.com/)
#### 2. Gitbucket: [https://bitbucket.org/](https://bitbucket.org/)
#### 3. SourceForge: [https://sourceforge.net/](https://sourceforge.net/)
#### 4. Gitea: [https://gitea.io/en-us/](https://gitea.io/en-us/)
]

De ningún modo. Hay varias GUI disponibles ahora:

#### 1. El sitio web de Git ofrece una extensa lista de opciones: [https://git-scm.com/downloads/guis](https://git-scm.com/downloads/guis)
#### 2. También puede conectarse a GitHub desde:
* RStudio
* Código visual
* Átomo
]

---

## <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M326.612 185.391c59.747 59.809 58.927 155.698.36 214.59-.11.12-.24.25-.36.37l-67.2 67.2c-59.27 59.27-155.699 59.262-214.96 0-59.27-59.26-59.27-155.7 0-214.96l37.106-37.106c9.84-9.84 26.786-3.3 27.294 10.606.648 17.722 3.826 35.527 9.69 52.721 1.986 5.822.567 12.262-3.783 16.612l-13.087 13.087c-28.026 28.026-28.905 73.66-1.155 101.96 28.024 28.579 74.086 28.749 102.325.51l67.2-67.19c28.191-28.191 28.073-73.757 0-101.83-3.701-3.694-7.429-6.564-10.341-8.569a16.037 16.037 0 0 1-6.947-12.606c-.396-10.567 3.348-21.456 11.698-29.806l21.054-21.055c5.521-5.521 14.182-6.199 20.584-1.731a152.482 152.482 0 0 1 20.522 17.197zM467.547 44.449c-59.261-59.262-155.69-59.27-214.96 0l-67.2 67.2c-.12.12-.25.25-.36.37-58.566 58.892-59.387 154.781.36 214.59a152.454 152.454 0 0 0 20.521 17.196c6.402 4.468 15.064 3.789 20.584-1.731l21.054-21.055c8.35-8.35 12.094-19.239 11.698-29.806a16.037 16.037 0 0 0-6.947-12.606c-2.912-2.005-6.64-4.875-10.341-8.569-28.073-28.073-28.191-73.639 0-101.83l67.2-67.19c28.239-28.239 74.3-28.069 102.325.51 27.75 28.3 26.872 73.934-1.155 101.96l-13.087 13.087c-4.35 4.35-5.769 10.79-3.783 16.612 5.864 17.194 9.042 34.999 9.69 52.721.509 13.906 17.454 20.446 27.294 10.606l37.106-37.106c59.271-59.259 59.271-155.699.001-214.959z"/></svg> Algunas referencias extras

### 1. [GIT CHEAT SHEET](https://education.github.com/git-cheat-sheet-education.pdf)

### 2. A Quick Introduction to Version Control with Git and GitHub: [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004668](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004668)

### 3. Ten Simple Rules for Taking Advantage of Git and GitHub: [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004947](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004947)

### 4. When it comes to reproducible science, Git is code for success. And the key to its popularity is the online repository and social network, GitHub: [https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/when-it-comes-to-reproducible-science-git-is-code-for-success](https://www.natureindex.com/news-blog/when-it-comes-to-reproducible-science-git-is-code-for-success)

---

# **¡Hemos terminado!**
## ¡Gracias por acompañarnos y feliz Git!

### Síguenos

.pull-left[
.center[
### [@RLadiesGye <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>](https://twitter.com/RLadiesGye)<br/>
### [R-Ladies Guayaquil <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M99 414.3c1.1 5.7-2.3 11.1-8 12.3-5.4 1.1-10.9-2.3-12-8-1.1-5.4 2.3-11.1 7.7-12.3 5.4-1.2 11.1 2.3 12.3 8zm143.1 71.4c-6.3 4.6-8 13.4-3.7 20 4.6 6.6 13.4 8.3 20 3.7 6.3-4.6 8-13.4 3.4-20-4.2-6.5-13.1-8.3-19.7-3.7zm-86-462.3c6.3-1.4 10.3-7.7 8.9-14-1.1-6.6-7.4-10.6-13.7-9.1-6.3 1.4-10.3 7.7-9.1 14 1.4 6.6 7.6 10.6 13.9 9.1zM34.4 226.3c-10-6.9-23.7-4.3-30.6 6-6.9 10-4.3 24 5.7 30.9 10 7.1 23.7 4.6 30.6-5.7 6.9-10.4 4.3-24.1-5.7-31.2zm272-170.9c10.6-6.3 13.7-20 7.7-30.3-6.3-10.6-19.7-14-30-7.7s-13.7 20-7.4 30.6c6 10.3 19.4 13.7 29.7 7.4zm-191.1 58c7.7-5.4 9.4-16 4.3-23.7s-15.7-9.4-23.1-4.3c-7.7 5.4-9.4 16-4.3 23.7 5.1 7.8 15.6 9.5 23.1 4.3zm372.3 156c-7.4 1.7-12.3 9.1-10.6 16.9 1.4 7.4 8.9 12.3 16.3 10.6 7.4-1.4 12.3-8.9 10.6-16.6-1.5-7.4-8.9-12.3-16.3-10.9zm39.7-56.8c-1.1-5.7-6.6-9.1-12-8-5.7 1.1-9.1 6.9-8 12.6 1.1 5.4 6.6 9.1 12.3 8 5.4-1.5 9.1-6.9 7.7-12.6zM447 138.9c-8.6 6-10.6 17.7-4.9 26.3 5.7 8.6 17.4 10.6 26 4.9 8.3-6 10.3-17.7 4.6-26.3-5.7-8.7-17.4-10.9-25.7-4.9zm-6.3 139.4c26.3 43.1 15.1 100-26.3 129.1-17.4 12.3-37.1 17.7-56.9 17.1-12 47.1-69.4 64.6-105.1 32.6-1.1.9-2.6 1.7-3.7 2.9-39.1 27.1-92.3 17.4-119.4-22.3-9.7-14.3-14.6-30.6-15.1-46.9-65.4-10.9-90-94-41.1-139.7-28.3-46.9.6-107.4 53.4-114.9C151.6 70 234.1 38.6 290.1 82c67.4-22.3 136.3 29.4 130.9 101.1 41.1 12.6 52.8 66.9 19.7 95.2zm-70 74.3c-3.1-20.6-40.9-4.6-43.1-27.1-3.1-32 43.7-101.1 40-128-3.4-24-19.4-29.1-33.4-29.4-13.4-.3-16.9 2-21.4 4.6-2.9 1.7-6.6 4.9-11.7-.3-6.3-6-11.1-11.7-19.4-12.9-12.3-2-17.7 2-26.6 9.7-3.4 2.9-12 12.9-20 9.1-3.4-1.7-15.4-7.7-24-11.4-16.3-7.1-40 4.6-48.6 20-12.9 22.9-38 113.1-41.7 125.1-8.6 26.6 10.9 48.6 36.9 47.1 11.1-.6 18.3-4.6 25.4-17.4 4-7.4 41.7-107.7 44.6-112.6 2-3.4 8.9-8 14.6-5.1 5.7 3.1 6.9 9.4 6 15.1-1.1 9.7-28 70.9-28.9 77.7-3.4 22.9 26.9 26.6 38.6 4 3.7-7.1 45.7-92.6 49.4-98.3 4.3-6.3 7.4-8.3 11.7-8 3.1 0 8.3.9 7.1 10.9-1.4 9.4-35.1 72.3-38.9 87.7-4.6 20.6 6.6 41.4 24.9 50.6 11.4 5.7 62.5 15.7 58.5-11.1zm5.7 92.3c-10.3 7.4-12.9 22-5.7 32.6 7.1 10.6 21.4 13.1 32 6 10.6-7.4 13.1-22 6-32.6-7.4-10.6-21.7-13.5-32.3-6z"/></svg>](https://www.meetup.com/es-ES/rladies-guayaquil/)
]]

.pull-right[
.center[
### [@rladiesgps <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"/></svg>](https://twitter.com/rladiesgps)<br/>
### [R-Ladies Galapagos Islands <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;width:1em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:currentColor;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M99 414.3c1.1 5.7-2.3 11.1-8 12.3-5.4 1.1-10.9-2.3-12-8-1.1-5.4 2.3-11.1 7.7-12.3 5.4-1.2 11.1 2.3 12.3 8zm143.1 71.4c-6.3 4.6-8 13.4-3.7 20 4.6 6.6 13.4 8.3 20 3.7 6.3-4.6 8-13.4 3.4-20-4.2-6.5-13.1-8.3-19.7-3.7zm-86-462.3c6.3-1.4 10.3-7.7 8.9-14-1.1-6.6-7.4-10.6-13.7-9.1-6.3 1.4-10.3 7.7-9.1 14 1.4 6.6 7.6 10.6 13.9 9.1zM34.4 226.3c-10-6.9-23.7-4.3-30.6 6-6.9 10-4.3 24 5.7 30.9 10 7.1 23.7 4.6 30.6-5.7 6.9-10.4 4.3-24.1-5.7-31.2zm272-170.9c10.6-6.3 13.7-20 7.7-30.3-6.3-10.6-19.7-14-30-7.7s-13.7 20-7.4 30.6c6 10.3 19.4 13.7 29.7 7.4zm-191.1 58c7.7-5.4 9.4-16 4.3-23.7s-15.7-9.4-23.1-4.3c-7.7 5.4-9.4 16-4.3 23.7 5.1 7.8 15.6 9.5 23.1 4.3zm372.3 156c-7.4 1.7-12.3 9.1-10.6 16.9 1.4 7.4 8.9 12.3 16.3 10.6 7.4-1.4 12.3-8.9 10.6-16.6-1.5-7.4-8.9-12.3-16.3-10.9zm39.7-56.8c-1.1-5.7-6.6-9.1-12-8-5.7 1.1-9.1 6.9-8 12.6 1.1 5.4 6.6 9.1 12.3 8 5.4-1.5 9.1-6.9 7.7-12.6zM447 138.9c-8.6 6-10.6 17.7-4.9 26.3 5.7 8.6 17.4 10.6 26 4.9 8.3-6 10.3-17.7 4.6-26.3-5.7-8.7-17.4-10.9-25.7-4.9zm-6.3 139.4c26.3 43.1 15.1 100-26.3 129.1-17.4 12.3-37.1 17.7-56.9 17.1-12 47.1-69.4 64.6-105.1 32.6-1.1.9-2.6 1.7-3.7 2.9-39.1 27.1-92.3 17.4-119.4-22.3-9.7-14.3-14.6-30.6-15.1-46.9-65.4-10.9-90-94-41.1-139.7-28.3-46.9.6-107.4 53.4-114.9C151.6 70 234.1 38.6 290.1 82c67.4-22.3 136.3 29.4 130.9 101.1 41.1 12.6 52.8 66.9 19.7 95.2zm-70 74.3c-3.1-20.6-40.9-4.6-43.1-27.1-3.1-32 43.7-101.1 40-128-3.4-24-19.4-29.1-33.4-29.4-13.4-.3-16.9 2-21.4 4.6-2.9 1.7-6.6 4.9-11.7-.3-6.3-6-11.1-11.7-19.4-12.9-12.3-2-17.7 2-26.6 9.7-3.4 2.9-12 12.9-20 9.1-3.4-1.7-15.4-7.7-24-11.4-16.3-7.1-40 4.6-48.6 20-12.9 22.9-38 113.1-41.7 125.1-8.6 26.6 10.9 48.6 36.9 47.1 11.1-.6 18.3-4.6 25.4-17.4 4-7.4 41.7-107.7 44.6-112.6 2-3.4 8.9-8 14.6-5.1 5.7 3.1 6.9 9.4 6 15.1-1.1 9.7-28 70.9-28.9 77.7-3.4 22.9 26.9 26.6 38.6 4 3.7-7.1 45.7-92.6 49.4-98.3 4.3-6.3 7.4-8.3 11.7-8 3.1 0 8.3.9 7.1 10.9-1.4 9.4-35.1 72.3-38.9 87.7-4.6 20.6 6.6 41.4 24.9 50.6 11.4 5.7 62.5 15.7 58.5-11.1zm5.7 92.3c-10.3 7.4-12.9 22-5.7 32.6 7.1 10.6 21.4 13.1 32 6 10.6-7.4 13.1-22 6-32.6-7.4-10.6-21.7-13.5-32.3-6z"/></svg>](https://www.meetup.com/es-ES/rladies-galapagos-islands/)
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